HUNGARIAN

• 1. Last names come first.
• In Hungary, when people write their names or introduce themselves, their last name comes first. They say “Nagy Gábor vagyok” or “I’m Nagy Gábor.” This doesn’t mean people call each other by their last name; it’s simply the formal way of introducing yourself or presenting a name publicly. If I were Gábor’s friend I would just call him Gábor. It’s worth mentioning that other than Hungarians, worldwide only some Asian people present their names in this fashion.
• 2. Take my name, all of it.
• Sticking with the topic of names, when a Hungarian woman gets married her entire name changes. So if Eva marries Nagy Gábor, she publicly becomes Nagy Gáborné or Mrs.Nagy Gabor/ wife of Nagy Gábor. Again, her friends and family will still call her Eva, but if she was interviewed on TV her name would appear as Nagy Gaborné. It’s important to note that this tradition isn’t as common nowadays, and married women can do as they please name-wise. So my wife Anita (if she chooses) can now be FitzGerald Colmné!
• 3. Hungarians are not Slavic.
• Aside from Austria and Romania, Hungary is surrounded by Slavic nations. So it comes as a surprise to many that Hungarians aren’t Slavic as well. The origins of Hungarians, or Magyars as they call themselves, is a topic of heated debate and fantastical theories abound. Most experts agree that the Magyar tribes originated somewhere between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains in present day Russia. Others schools of thought suggest that Hungarians have a Sumerian/Iranian origin.
• Others still promote the idea of a far-east connection with Attila and his marauding Huns, as evidenced by ancient Magyar horsemanship and archery skills. There is also evidence that prior to settling in the Carpathian Basin (where Hungary is now) that the Magyars traded and aligned with Turks and Bulgars.
• There certainly is a lot of controversy and some people take the Magyar origin topic VERY seriously. One thing I think we can all agree on: Hungarians are undoubtedly unique!
• 4. This is wine country.
• One might be led to think that Hungarians have a deep history of beer swilling like the Germans and Czechs. One also might surmise that Hungarians are habitual vodka shooters like their northern neighbors. Now don’t get me wrong, Magyars love their beer and liquor, but historically this IS wine country.
• There are 22 distinct wine regions and eight indigenous grape varieties in Hungary. Evidence of viticulture dates back to at least the 5th-century AD and only three European languages have words for wine that are not of Latin origin: Greek, Turkish and you guessed it, Hungarian.
• The Tokaj wine region of northeastern Hungary, famous for its sweet Aszú and dry Furmint white wines, is the most well known. In 1737, Tokaj was delimited as a national wine area by King Karoly, making it the world’s first official wine region, almost 120 years before France’s Bordeaux.
• Following WWII Hungary fell into the hands of the Soviets. And in similar fashion to everything else they did, the Communists chose quantity over quality and more or less ruined Hungary’s reputation as a producer of fine wine.
• But many small-time winemakers kept their time-honored traditions alive during those dark times. And today, passionate vintners are reviving Hungary’s love for good wine and in turn foreigner’s love for Hungarian wine.
• 5. Hungarians love hot water.
• Many are aware of Budapest’s famous Gellért and Széchenyi thermal baths, but not everyone knows that Hungary is actually overflowing with hot springs. The country boasts around 1,500 spas, 450 of which are public. Lake Hévíz , in western Hungary, is the 2ndlargest thermal lake in the world and is located near Lake Balaton ( not thermal, but the largest lake in Central Europe). In addition, the Miskolc-Tapolca Cave Bath in northern Hungary is one of only two natural thermal cave baths in the world.
• 6. Hungarians boast brains and brawn.
• Relative to its population size of around 13 million, Hungary is a damn talented nation. It’s no secret that Hungarians have contributed greatly to modern science with a stunning number of inventions and breakthroughs, including the helicopter, the ballpoint pen, and the Rubik’s cube. Some say that the Hungarian language’s structure is so unique that it allows for a completely different train of thought, and this is why Hungarians have been so scientifically influential; their minds work unlike the rest of ours.
• Hungary isn’t just full of nerds and mad scientists though, with 476 Summer Olympic medals, this little country also has its fair share of athletic freaks. The nation has the most medals of any country that hasn’t hosted the games and the Hungarian soccer team is the winningest in Olympic history. If we go by population size, Hungary is second only to Finland in most gold medals won!
• 7. Naming your kids requires government approval.
• Back to the name game: In Hungary, you are required to name your child from a pre-approved list of names. The list is extensive and continuously growing. But if you are dead set on a name for junior that isn’t listed, you must submit your application to the Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and hope it gets approved.

WISH

WISH

' I wish to' can mean the same as 'I want to' but it is much, much more formal and much, much less common.

• I wish to see the manager.

You can also use 'wish' with a noun to 'offer good wishes'.

• We wish you a merry Christmas.

Notice that when you want to offer good wishes using a verb, you must use 'hope ' and not 'wish'.

• We wish you the best of luck.

• We hope you have the best of luck.

However, the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation.

• I wish I was rich.

Notice that the verb tense which follows 'I wish' is 'more in the past' than the tense corresponding to its meaning.

• I'm too fat. I wish I was thin.

• It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.

In the case of 'will' , where 'will' means 'show willingness' we use 'would'.

• He won't help me. I wish he would help me.

Where 'will' means a future event, we cannot use 'wish' and must use 'hope'.

• I hope everything will be fine in your new job.

In more formal English, we use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was' after 'wish'.

• I wish I were taller.

• I wish it were Saturday today.

• I wish he were here.

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•  

HAD BETTER

Had Better

We use “had better” plus the infinitive without “to”  to give advice. Although “had” is the past form of “have”, we use “had better” to give advice about the present or future.

·        You'd better tell her everything.

·        I'd better get back to work.

·        We'd better meet early.

The negative form is “had better not”.

·        You'd better not say anything.

·        I'd better not come.

We use “had better” to give advice about specific situations, not general ones. If you want to talk about general situations, you must use “should”.

·        I shouldn't listen to negative people.

When we give advice about specific situations, it is also possible to use “should”.

·        You shouldn't say anything.

However, when we use “had better” there is a suggestion that if the advice is not followed, that something bad will happen.

·        You'd better do what I say or else you will get into trouble.

think

We think too much and we feel to little.

climb

Together there is no

 mountain we can’t climb!

ALL THE BEST TO MY  

 IELTS STUDENTS 

PASS

To pass an exam means to reach the  required  

grade or pass mark not to take the exam .  

Good luck to all of my students: B.Beheshti

COMMENTS

Your comments and    

responses are always welcome!

HAVE

Uses of have

In the simple present tense have indicates ideas such as possession,  

relationships etc.

I have a car. 

She has a brother.

Have is used to form the perfect tenses.

We have received the parcel.
She has gone to the market.
We had forgotten to take our umbrellas. 

Have can be used to express ideas such as obligation and compulsion.

You have to be there before six.
She has to leave now. 

Have + had

This structure is often confused. In ‘have had’ have is the auxiliary verb  

whereas  had is the past participle form of the verb have.

I have had my breakfast. (= I have eaten my breakfast.) 

She has had a wash. (= She has taken a wash.)

ALL THE BEST TO MY  

 IELTS STUDENTS 

THE

1 – قبل از اوقات مشخص از روز.in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening

2 – قبل از صفات عالی.the biggest , the greatest

3 – قبل از آلات موسیقی.the piano

4 – قبل از کلمه  های تئاتر و سینما.the theater, the cinema

5 – قبل از اعداد ترتیبی.the first ,the second

6 – در مواقع بیان مالکیت اشیاء . ( مضاف و مضاف الیه).the wheels of the car , the door of the house

7 – قبل از صفاتی که اشاره به یک گروه خاص دارند.the lion ,the poor, the rich , the Indian

8 – قبل از اسامی سیاره ها.the planet Mercury.

9 – قبل از اسامی منحصر به فرد در جهان.the sun, the moon , the earth ,the sky, the pyramids

10 – قبل از نام خانوادگی که به صورت جمع استفاده شده و به دو یا چند نفر از اعضای خانواده اشاره دارد.the Johnsons , the Smiths

11 – قبل از اسامی مرتبط با رسانه ها.the media , the radio ,the newspaper

12 – قبل از طبقات اجتماعی .the middle class , the elite, the clergy

IELTS is no walk in the park

ALL THE BEST TO MY  

 IELTS STUDENTS 

Good Luck : B. Beheshti

Among

1. Among’ and ‘between’ are prepositions in the English language used to compare or

relate 2 or more things.

2. Generally, ‘between’ applies to 2 choices, while ‘among’ is the appropriate term to

connect 3 or more choices.

3. ‘Between’ can also be used to compare or relate more than 2 things, on the premise

that they are individually distinct.

4. ‘Among’ pertains to a group as a whole or a notable part of a group.

5. The proper use of ‘between’ and ‘among’ can draw a more lucid description of a

scenario or location.